华兴数控97T98T320TI330TI说明书.pdf
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97T/98T/320Ti/330Ti是南京华兴数控技术有限公司集十多年数控系统开发经验， 在原有多代成熟产品的基础上， 推出的新一代高性能车床用数控系统。 系统采用超大规模可编程逻辑电路方案， 具有更高的加工控制品质和系统升级空间。 系统可控制数字式交流伺服驱动器及三相细分步进驱动器； 系统的电子齿轮功能使得系统可与任意螺距丝杠直联； 螺距补偿功能使机床的精度检验大为简化； 显示采用 7.4″ 液晶屏彩色显示或 16 级灰度显示， 具有加工零件图形实时跟踪显示以及坐标字符显示的功能， 界面设计更为丰富人性化； 图形模拟功能更为强大，具有三维立体模拟和二维平面模拟显示的功能。 系统结构采用整体式工程塑料压模件， 造型美观； 便捷的 U 盘接口， 可实现 U 盘与系统间的程序互存， 以及系统在现场升级功能。
本说明书介绍了 97T/98T/320T/330Ti①系统的编程及操作方法， 在使用系统前， 请详细阅读本说明书。
1.1 系统指标
1.1.1 主要规格
脉冲当量 ： X：0.001mm Z：0.001mm Y：0.001mm
联动 / 控制轴数 ： 2/2， 2/3
编程范围 ： － 99999.999 ～ +99999.999mm
快进速度 ： 60000mm/min（ 0.001mm 当量）
程序容量 ： 电子盘 2M 字节， 可存储 200 个程序文件
编程方式 ： ISO 代码、 系统键盘录入、 USB 接口录入、 RS232 串行口录入
插补 ： 直线， 圆弧， 公、 英制、 直/锥、 多头/单头螺纹、 公英制功丝
电子齿轮比 ： 16 位： 16 位
螺距补偿 ： 160 点/轴， 各控制轴均可补偿
显示 ： 具有同步字符显示界面和图形界面
图形模拟 ： 三维和平面图形模拟
系统升级功能 ： 通过 U 盘可以快捷地进行系统升级， 无须打开机箱
1.1.2 系统资源
显 示 ： 7.4″ 液晶屏， 640× 480 点阵， 彩色显示或 16 级灰度
电子盘 ： 2MB 闪存， 保存用户程序及参数文件
输入信号 ： 40 路开关量， 光电隔离
手轮接口 ： 2 路， × 1、 × 10、 × 100 倍率
主轴编码器接口 ： 1 路， 四倍频处理
进给倍率开关 ： 倍率范围： 10% ～ 300%
主轴倍率开关 ： 倍率范围： 10% ～ 300%
输出信号 ： 24 路开关量。
其中 18 路继电器功率驱动输出和 6 路继电器触点输出
X、 Z 两个方向电机驱动信号（ CP、 CW） 脉冲输出
一路 8 位模拟量输出， 输出范围： 0－ 5V 或 0－ 10V
U S B 接 口② ： 外接 U 盘存储器读写加工程序或升级系统控制软件
串行口 ： RS232C 异步串行口
①320Ti/330Ti 是 V1.4 以上主板的系统
②U 盘接口支持大多数 U 盘， 但不能保证支持所有的 U 盘。 U 盘文件格式必须是 FAT 格式， 使用USB1.1/USB2.0 协议。
目录
安全使用说明···················································································································0-1
一般性警告及注意事项.........................................................................................................0-1
有关编程的警告说明 ............................................................................................................. 0-1
有关操作的警告说明 ............................................................................................................. 0-2
第一章 系统概述 ············································································································1-1
1.1 系统指标.......................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.1 主要规格............................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1.2 系统资源............................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 坐标系规定...................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.2.1 相对于静止的工件而运动的原则 ....................................................................... 1-2
1.2.2 标准坐标系的规定 ...............................................................................................1-2
1.2.3 机床上坐标轴正方向的规定 ............................................................................... 1-2
1.2.3.1 Z 坐标运动 ........................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2.3.2 X 坐标动运........................................................................................................ 1-2
1.2.4 机床坐标系 ........................................................................................................... 1-2
1.2.5 工件坐标系 ........................................................................................................... 1-3
1.3 面板与按键...................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.3.1 系统面板布局 ....................................................................................................... 1-4
1.3.2 按键分类及定义 ...................................................................................................1-6
1.3.2.1 主功能键盘区.................................................................................................... 1-6
1.3.2.2 子功能键盘区.................................................................................................... 1-6
1.3.2.3 编辑键盘区........................................................................................................ 1-7
1.3.2.4 副面板操作键盘区............................................................................................1-8
1.4 开机................................................................................................................................ 1-10
第二章 系统编程 ············································································································2-1
2.1 程序段格式...................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.1 宏变量................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2 准备功能(G 功能) ........................................................................................................... 2-3
2.2.1 G00— — 快速定位................................................................................................. 2-4
2.2.2 G01──直线插补................................................................................................. 2-5
2.2.3 G02──顺圆插补................................................................................................. 2-5
2.2.4 G03——逆圆插补................................................................................................. 2-6
2.2.5 G04——延时.........................................................................................................2-6
2.2.6 G09——进给准停................................................................................................. 2-6
2.2.7 G20— — 子程序调用 ............................................................................................. 2-6
2.2.8 G22— — 子程序定义 ............................................................................................. 2-7
2.2.9 G24— — 子程序结束返回 ..................................................................................... 2-7
2.2.10 G25——跳转移加工 ........................................................................................... 2-7
2.2.11 G26——转移加工(程序内部子程序调用)......................................................... 2-8
2.2.12 G27——无限循环 ...............................................................................................2-8
2.2.13 G30——放大缩小倍率取消 ............................................................................... 2-8
2.2.14 G31——放大或缩小倍率 ................................................................................... 2-9
2.2.15 G33/G34— — 公/英制单刀螺纹循环.................................................................. 2-9
2.2.16 G40-G42——刀尖半径补偿............................................................................... 2-9
2.2.17 G54——撤消零点偏置， 恢复工作坐标系 ....................................................... 2-9
2.2.18 G55——绝对零点偏置 ....................................................................................... 2-9
2.2.19 G56——增量零点偏置 ..................................................................................... 2-10
2.2.20 G57——当前点偏置 ......................................................................................... 2-10
2.2.21 G61——当前段与后续加工段连续清角 ......................................................... 2-10
2.2.22 G62——当前段快速清角指令 ......................................................................... 2-10
2.2.23 G64——取消清角过渡 ..................................................................................... 2-11
2.2.24 G71——内(外)径切削复合循环....................................................................... 2-11
2.2.25 G72— — 端面切削复合循环 ............................................................................. 2-12
2.2.26 G73——封闭轮廓复合循环 ............................................................................. 2-14
2.2.27 G74——返回参考点(机械原点)....................................................................... 2-15
2.2.28 G75——以机床坐标返回加工开始位置 ......................................................... 2-15
2.2.29 G76——从当前位置返回加工起始点（ 进刀点） ......................................... 2-15
2.2.30 G79──公制端面螺纹循环 ............................................................................. 2-15
2.2.35 G80──英制端面螺纹循环 ............................................................................. 2-15
2.2.31 G81——外圆（ 内圆） 固定循环 ..................................................................... 2-15
2.2.32 G82──端面固定循环 ..................................................................................... 2-17
2.2.33 G83──深孔加工循环 ..................................................................................... 2-19
2.2.34 G84──公制刚性攻丝循环 ............................................................................. 2-20
2.2.36 G85──英制刚性攻丝循环 ............................................................................. 2-22
2.2.37 G86──公制螺纹循环 ..................................................................................... 2-22
2.2.38 G87──英制螺纹循环 ..................................................................................... 2-27
2.2.39 G90——绝对值方式编程 ................................................................................. 2-27
2.2.40 G91——增量方式编程 ..................................................................................... 2-27
2.2.41 G92——设定工件坐标系 ................................................................................. 2-28
2.2.42 G96— — 恒线速切削 ......................................................................................... 2-28
2.2.43 G97— — 取消恒线速切削 ................................................................................. 2-28
2.2.44 G98— — 取消每转进给 ..................................................................................... 2-28
2.2.45 G99— — 设定每转进给 ..................................................................................... 2-28
2.3 辅助功能（M 功能） ................................................................................................... 2-28
2.3.1 M00——程序暂停 .............................................................................................. 2-29
2.3.2 M01——条件暂停 .............................................................................................. 2-29
2.3.3 M02——程序结束 .............................................................................................. 2-29
2.3.4 M03——主轴正转 .............................................................................................. 2-29
2.3.5 M04——主轴反转 .............................................................................................. 2-30
2.3.6 M05——主轴停止 .............................................................................................. 2-30
2.3.7 M08——开冷却液 .............................................................................................. 2-31
2.3.8 M09——关冷却液 .............................................................................................. 2-31
2.3.9 M10/M11—主轴夹紧松开控制.......................................................................... 2-31
2.3.10 M12/M13 主轴高速档继电器开/关.................................................................. 2-31
2.3.11 M20——开指定的继电器 ................................................................................ 2-31
2.3.12 M21——关指定的继电器 ................................................................................ 2-31
2.3.13 M24——人为指定刀补号 ................................................................................ 2-32
2.3.14 M25——等待换刀结束 .................................................................................... 2-32
2.3.15 M41~M44——指定主轴转速档 ....................................................................... 2-32
2.3.16 M28/M29——主轴的速度/位置模式............................................................... 2-32
2.3.17 M71~M78——M 功能脉冲输出 ...................................................................... 2-32
2.4 F、 S、 T 功能................................................................................................................. 2-32
2.4.1 F——进给功能.................................................................................................... 2-32
2.4.2 S——主轴转速控制............................................................................................ 2-32
2.4.2.1——主轴带变频电机 ........................................................................................ 2-32
2.4.2.2——数字量控制主轴运转 ................................................................................ 2-33
2.4.3 T——刀具功能.................................................................................................... 2-33
2.4.3.1 T——功能格式................................................................................................. 2-33
2.4.3.2——刀号与刀补号............................................................................................ 2-33
2.4.3.3——加工中修改刀补 ........................................................................................ 2-33
2.4.3.3——刀补表 ........................................................................................................ 2-34
2.4.3.4——电动刀架的功能动作顺序........................................................................ 2-34
第三章 系统操作 ············································································································3-1
3.1 操作加工界面及其各子功能的定义 ..............................................................................3-1
3.1.1 操作加工主功能显示界面介绍 ........................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1.1 字符显示模式.................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1.2 图形显示模式.................................................................................................... 3-3
3.1.2 操作加工主功能下各子功能的定义及介绍 ....................................................... 3-4
3.1.2.1 手动连续进给.................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.2.2 点动增量进给.................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.2.3 手轮连续进给.................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.2.4 自动循环加工.................................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.2.5 MDI 方式............................................................................................................ 3-4
3.2 机床坐标手动移动.......................................................................................................... 3-5
3.2.1 手动方式(手动连续进给) ....................................................................................3-5
3.2.2 点动方式(点动连续进给) ....................................................................................3-5
3.2.3 手轮方式(手轮连续进给) ....................................................................................3-5
3.2.4 主轴与冷却 ........................................................................................................... 3-6
3.3 自动循环.......................................................................................................................... 3-6
3.3.1 打开程序................................................................................................................ 3-6
3.3.2 启动自动循环 ....................................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.3 任意段号处启动加工 ........................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.4 自动循环的状态设置 ........................................................................................... 3-7
3.3.4.1 在自动循环子功能下， 有两种与机床数控系统有关的状态设置 ................ 3-7
3.3.4.2 暂停....................................................................................................................3-8
3.3.4.3 执行自动循环加工的一般步骤........................................................................ 3-8
3.4 回零操作及坐标系重建.................................................................................................. 3-8
3.4.1 回机床零操作介绍 ...............................................................................................3-9
3.4.1.1 返回机械零功能（G74） 的使用 ..................................................................... 3-9
3.4.2 返回进刀点(G75)功能 ....................................................................................... 3-10
3.4.3 返回进刀点功能（G76） .................................................................................. 3-10
3.5 图形功能使用及刀具选择............................................................................................ 3-10
3.5.1 快速实现一个图形模拟显示 ............................................................................. 3-10
3.5.2 图形显示模拟刀具相关设置 ............................................................................. 3-11
3.5.2.1 刀具形状的设置.............................................................................................. 3-11
3.5.2.2 对各个示意刀具的大小比例调整.................................................................. 3-12
3.6 对刀过程实现及机床刀具的应用................................................................................ 3-12
第四章 参数管理 ············································································································4-1
4.1 参数管理主界面简介......................................................................................................4-1
4.1.1 参数体系............................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.2 初始化操作 ........................................................................................................... 4-2
4.1.3 当前参数与备份参数的区别 ............................................................................... 4-2
4.1.4 在参数界面下软复位的使用 ............................................................................... 4-2
4.2 刀具参数.......................................................................................................................... 4-2
4.2.1 换刀时刀补的原理 ...............................................................................................4-2
4.2.2 刀具参数的设定和显示步骤概述 ....................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 建立刀补的方法及步骤 ....................................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3.1 X 向、 Z 向单独记忆对刀.................................................................................. 4-3
4.2.3.2 X 向、 Z 向同时记忆对刀.................................................................................. 4-4
4.2.4 刀补修调（ 刀具磨损补偿） ............................................................................... 4-4
4.2.5 直接输入刀补值 ...................................................................................................4-5
4.3 系统参数（P 参数） ....................................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.1 基本概念............................................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.1.1 加减速时间常数 ................................................................................................ 4-5
4.3.1.2 加速度 ................................................................................................................ 4-5
4.3.1.3 电子齿轮比 ........................................................................................................ 4-6
4.3.1.4 加减速时间常数 ................................................................................................ 4-6
4.3.2 系统参数的查看与设定 ....................................................................................... 4-6
4.4 位参数.............................................................................................................................. 4-7
4.4.1 位参数的查看和设定 ........................................................................................... 4-7
4.5 螺距补偿.......................................................................................................................... 4-7
4.5.1 螺距补偿的查看和设定步骤 ............................................................................... 4-7
4.5.2 螺距误差补偿须注意的问题 ............................................................................... 4-7
4.5.3 螺距误差补偿举例 ...............................................................................................4-8
4.6 初始化.............................................................................................................................. 4-8
4.6.1 清内存....................................................................................................................4-8
4.6.2 格式化 ................................................................................................................... 4-8
4.6.3 修改密码............................................................................................................... 4-9
4.6.4 出厂值 ................................................................................................................... 4-9
4.6.4.1 如何恢复参数的出厂值 ....................................................................................4-9
4.6.4.2 如何备份参数.................................................................................................... 4-9
4.6.4.3 如何将备份参数文件恢复成当前参数文件 .................................................. 4-10
4.6.4.4 如何把当前参数导出到 U 盘 ......................................................................... 4-10
4.6.4.5 如何从 U 盘中导入参数文件......................................................................... 4-10
4.6.5 时间设置............................................................................................................. 4-11
4.7 诊断................................................................................................................................ 4-11
4.7.1 输入口 ................................................................................................................. 4-11
4.7.2 输出口.................................................................................................................. 4-11
4.7.3 主轴转速和主轴编码器 ..................................................................................... 4-12
4.7.4 手脉编码器 ......................................................................................................... 4-12
4.7.5 报警定义............................................................................................................. 4-12
4.7.5.1 设置步骤.......................................................................................................... 4-12
4.7.5.2 使用举例.......................................................................................................... 4-13
4.7.6 报警列表............................................................................................................. 4-13
第五章 程序管理 ············································································································5-1
5.1 用户程序管理简介.......................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.1 界面说明............................................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 用户程序管理基本性能说明 ............................................................................... 5-2
5.2 用户程序管理.................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.2.1 如何创建、 编辑和修改用户程序 ....................................................................... 5-2
5.2.1.1 编辑用户程序.................................................................................................... 5-3
5.2.1.2 修改用户程序.................................................................................................... 5-4
5.2.2 如何更改用户程序属性 ....................................................................................... 5-5
5.2.3 如何删除用户程序 ...............................................................................................5-6
5.2.4 如何复制用户程序 ...............................................................................................5-6
5.2.5 如何浏览用户程序 ...............................................................................................5-6
5.2.6 串行口输入输出用户程序 ................................................................................... 5-7
5.2.6.1 串口输入............................................................................................................ 5-8
5.2.6.2 串口输出............................................................................................................ 5-8
5.3 U 盘管理 ........................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.3.1 U 盘管理说明 ........................................................................................................ 5-9
5.3.2 如何进入 U 盘管理界面及界面介绍 .................................................................. 5-9
5.3.3 U 盘文件的选中.................................................................................................. 5-10
5.3.4 如何打开 U 盘文件夹 ........................................................................................ 5-10
5.3.5 如何返回上级目录 ............................................................................................. 5-10
5.3.6 如何将 U 盘文件存入系统 ................................................................................ 5-11
5.3.7 如何将用户程序存储器中的程序存入 U 盘 .................................................... 5-11
5.3.8 如何浏览 U 盘文件 ............................................................................................. 5-11
5.3.9 如何删除 U 盘文件 ............................................................................................ 5-12
5.3.10 如何在 U 盘管理界面下浏览用户程序存储器中的程序 .............................. 5-12
5.3.11 U 盘管理界面下循环浏览用户程序列表 ........................................................ 5-12
第六章 系统重要功能详述 ·························································································6-1
6.1 如何提高加工效率...........................................................................................................6-1
6.1.1 除非工艺需要工件的两段轨迹之间为尖角， 否则尽量不要使用 G61， G62 指令。
如加工的时间常数为 100ms 时， 每条加工程序将节省 0.6~0.8 秒。 ..............6-1
6.1.2 并行执行 S、 T 等指令 .......................................................................................6-1
6.2 加工中修改刀补值...........................................................................................................6-1
6.3 主轴控制...........................................................................................................................6-1
6.3.1 主轴模拟量输出控制 ............................................................................................6-2
6.3.2 主轴的 M 功能控制..............................................................................................6-2
6.3.3 主轴夹紧卡盘（液压卡盘） 控制........................................................................6-3
6.3.4 主轴启动状态检测功能........................................................................................6-3
6.3.5 主轴的位置/速度模式 ..........................................................................................6-3
6.4 外部功能控制...................................................................................................................6-4
6.4.1 三位开关................................................................................................................6-4
6.4.2 系统对进给轴的控制............................................................................................6-4
6.4.3 伺服单元与系统应答逻辑....................................................................................6-4
6.4.4 系统对进给轴的脉冲输出方式............................................................................6-5
6.4.5 软限位....................................................................................................................6-5
6.4.6 机械零点开关设置................................................................................................6-5
6.4.7 换刀过程................................................................................................................6-6
6.4.8 机床报警处理........................................................................................................6-6
6.5 工件坐标系的产生和恢复...............................................................................................6-8
6.5.1 工件坐标系的产生模式 ........................................................................................6-8
6.5.2 机床坐标及工件坐标的产生................................................................................6-8
6.5.3 与坐系有关的参数选项........................................................................................6-8
6.5.4 坐标变换 G54-G57................................................................................................6-9
6.5.5 加工开始位置设定................................................................................................6-9
6.5.6 刀补修调与刀具偏置............................................................................................6-9
6.6 刀尖半径补偿.................................................................................................................6-10
6.6.1 概述 .....................................................................................................................6-10
6.6.2 刀尖的相位定义..................................................................................................6-10
6.6.3 刀具参数表 ..........................................................................................................6-11
6.6.4 刀尖补偿的轨迹方向定义..................................................................................6-11
6.6.5 刀补建立与撤销过程..........................................................................................6-11
第七章 系统连接··········································································································7-1
7.1 系统结构...........................................................................................................................7-1
7.1.1 系统组成..............................................................................................................7-1
7.1.2 结构安装尺寸......................................................................................................7-2
7.1.3 外部接口定义......................................................................................................7-3
7.1.4 输出信号对照表..................................................................................................7-7
7.1.5 输入信号对照表..................................................................................................7-8
7.2 数控系统强电供电...........................................................................................................7-9
7.2.1 安装要求..............................................................................................................7-9
7.2.2 强电供电..............................................................................................................7-9
7.2.3 接地......................................................................................................................7-9
7.2.4 强电安装中注意事项..........................................................................................7-9
7.3 数控系统内部连接.........................................................................................................7-10
7.3.1 输入、 输出示意图..............................................................................................7-10
7.4 数控系统信号接口定义.................................................................................................7-11
7.4.1 数控系统外部连接..............................................................................................7-11
7.4.2 主轴控制接口 8J1 ...............................................................................................7-11
7.4.3 串行通信接口 7J1 ...............................................................................................7-13
7.4.4 刀架接口 5J1 .......................................................................................................7-13
7.4.5 电机接口 4J0、 4J1、 4J2、 4J3 ..........................................................................7-15
7.4.6 输入/输出接口 5J2..............................................................................................7-22
7.4.7 主轴编码器接口 6J1 ...........................................................................................7-23
7.4.8 外接手轮接口 5J3 ...............................................................................................7-24
7.4.9 外接启动急停暂停接口 5J5 ...............................................................................7-25
7.4.10 扩展输入输出接口 5J5.....................................................................................7-26
附录一 出错报警 ·········································································································F1-1
附录二 系统参数一览表·····························································································F2-1
附录三 位参数 ·············································································································F3-1
附录四 系统界面一览 ·································································································F4-1
附录五 系统升级 ·········································································································F5-1
1.系统软件升级.................................................................................................................... F5-1
1.1 何时需要升级系统软件........................................................................................ F5-1
1.2 如何获取升级软件................................................................................................ F5-1
1.3 如何进入系统升级界面或下载用户图片界面 .................................................... F5-1
1.4 如何通过 U 盘进行系统升级 ............................................................................... F5-1
2. 用户开机界面更新.......................................................................................................... F5-2
2.1 用户如何编辑自己的开机界面 ............................................................................ F5-2
2.2 如何通过 U 盘更新用户界面 ................................................................................ F5-2
附录六 串口 DNC 加工 ······························································································F6-1
1. 使用本公司的通讯软件 SingleComm 进行串口 DNC 加工......................................... F6-1
1.1 如何获取通讯软件................................................................................................ F6-1
1.2 串口线的连接........................................................................................................ F6-1
1.3 系统端的操............................................................................................................ F6-1
1.4 通讯参数的设置.................................................................................................... F6-1
1.5 选择加工程序........................................................................................................ F6-1
1.6 发送程序， 启动 DNC 加工.................................................................................. F6-2
2. 使用第三方提供的串行通讯软件进行 DNC 加工........................................................ F6-2
附录七 编程实例 ·········································································································F7-1
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